Crossrail, now the Elizabeth Line, was one of Europe’s largest infrastructure projects, transforming travel across London and the South East. Construction began in 2009, delivering a 118 km railway, including 42 km of twin-bore tunnels beneath central London.

Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) drives were delivered by Dragados Sisk and BAM Ferrovial Kier, who also constructed three new underground stations and a central crossover cavern to manage train operations. Bond Street station, one of the busiest central stations, required two large station boxes, deep shafts, and mined tunnels to connect with existing Underground lines. Excavation relied on diaphragm walls (D-Wall) and secant piles to retain the station boxes, while mined adits, cross passages, and the crossover cavern were stabilised with shotcrete lining. Coordination with utilities, busy streets, and heritage structures added complexity.

At peak, over 10,000 workers were engaged. The Elizabeth Line has greatly expanded capacity and cut journey times across London..

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